Saudi Arabia is on a high-stakes mission to buy the world

A look at the PIF’s portfolio presents a show reel of some of the most prolific names in global business.

In the tech sector, it has pumped $3.5 billion into Uber, poured $45 billion into SoftBank’s Vision Fund, taken a 60% stake in Tesla rival Lucid, and become majority owner of augmented reality startup Magic Leap.

Beyond that, it has pumped billions of dollars into LIV Golf, led a $415 million takeover of Newcastle United, backed up a Blackstone infrastructure fund with $20 billion and invested in Carnival, the world’s biggest cruise operator. In June, PIF expanded its stake in London’s Heathrow Airport.

Figures published in July by GlobalSWF, a data firm tracking sovereign-wealth-fund activity, found that PIF deployed more capital in the first half of 2024 than all other state-owned investors, which collectively invested close to $100 billion in the six-month period.

According to LSE’s Hertog, PIF’s attraction to high-profile brands isn’t just about making itself more visible to the West. “These for the most part are corporates active in sectors that the PIF and MBS see as key for Saudi Arabia’s domestic economic diversification.”

To make these deals happen, the kingdom has been busy doing a lot of courting.

In February, it backed a two-day conference in Miami, where the likes of Blackstone leader Stephen Schwarzman and Donald Trump’s son-in-law Jared Kushner were billed as speakers. In October, the kingdom will be prepared for the global elite to descend on capital city Riyadh for its “Davos in the desert” investment conference.

However, while the Saudis prepare to continue flashing their cash abroad, the PIF faces some risks.

For one, the fund has had to learn the hard reality of going big, as a number of its high-profile investments overseas have struggled financially. Earlier this month, for instance, PIF had to plug a funding gap for Lucid by pumping in an extra $1.5 billion.

The electric vehicle maker first raised more than $1 billion from the Saudis in 2018 after PIF’s talks with Elon Musk to take Tesla private fell through, but has struggled with a high burn rate and waning demand for EVs.

PIF has also had to backstop another company. According to filings released in the UK this month, the fund has put $750 million into Magic Leap since the start of 2023, as it struggling to take its immersive reality headsets mainstream.

For Hertog, though companies like Lucid have “fallen on hard times” — and other bets from PIF on the likes of the SoftBank Vision Fund have “indeed not done well” — it is still too early to say how the overall performance will turn out. The fund did swing to an annual profit in 2023 following an $11 billion loss the previous year, Bloomberg reported, though many bets are still in their early days.

“There are inherent risks in investing in new sectors so what matters is not individual failures but the performance of the whole portfolio,” Hertog said.

PIF’s tanglings with political figures are also raising concerns. Donald Trump’s son-in-law Kushner, who started private equity firm Affinity Partners in 2021, received a $2 billion commitment from PIF for its debut fund, with that commitment now facing an investigation by Senate Finance Committee chair Sen. Ron Wyden.

In a letter published in June, the senator raised concerns that PIF and other Middle Eastern funds were “using payments to Affinity executives as a means to influence Kushner and other politically powerful individuals.”

For Abdullah Alaoudh, a director at the Middle East Democracy Center, it seems clear that buying “a lot of influence” — or “whitewashing” as he puts it — is a key part of the fund’s dealmaking overseas. If potential partners can gloss over some of its more controversial activities, such as the Kingdom’s war in Yemen, it’ll have an easier time seeing deals through.

As Hertog notes, it’s worth remembering that PIF’s main priority remains its domestic portfolio. “While some domestic investments have been pruned, the fund’s main ambition is domestic diversification,” he said.

Still, Saudi Arabia seems intent on making its mark on the global stage through the PIF. The world will be keeping watch.

The PIF did not immediately respond to a request for comment from BI.